Comprehensive Guide to Flexible Colonoscopy
1. Definition
Flexible colonoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to:
2. Purpose
3. When is it recommended?
Used for visual inspection of the colon and rectum.
Identifies polyps, ulcers, or tumors.
Can detect diverticulosis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Includes both diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Polypectomy – Removal of colon polyps.
Biopsy collection – For suspicious tissues.
Coagulation or cauterization – To stop bleeding.
Stent placement – For obstructed areas.
Routine screening to detect early signs of colorectal cancer.
Recommended for individuals over 45 years or with a family history of colon cancer.
Bright red or dark blood in stool.
May indicate polyps, hemorrhoids, or colon cancer.
Cramping or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
Associated with IBD, diverticulosis, or cancer.
Chronic diarrhea or constipation.
Altered stool consistency or shape
Sudden, unexplained weight loss.
May indicate colon cancer or GI disorders.
Iron-deficiency anemia due to GI bleeding.
Fatigue from chronic blood loss.
Chronic diarrhea, constipation, or rectal bleeding.
Colonoscopy helps diagnose the underlying cause.
Screening for early-stage cancer or precancerous lesions.
Performed for individuals with family history or symptoms.
Diagnoses and monitors Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
Detects inflammation, strictures, or dysplasia.
Colonoscopy identifies and removes polyps.
Prevents progression to cancer.
Identifies causes like diverticulitis or IBS.
High-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Reduces the risk of polyps and colorectal cancer.
Drink plenty of water to promote healthy bowel movements.
Regular exercise improves colon health.
Avoid excessive alcohol and quit smoking.
Lowers the risk of colon polyps and cancer.
Early detection through routine colonoscopies.
Recommended every 10 years starting at age 45.
Removal of polyps during colonoscopy.
Prevents the progression to colon cancer.
Tissue sample collection.
Used for histopathological examination.
Cauterization or clipping of bleeding lesions.
Stops active GI bleeding.
Balloon dilation of narrowed areas.
Treats strictures from IBD or scar tissue.
Clear liquid diet 24-48 hours before the procedure.
Avoid solid foods and red-colored liquids.
Use of laxatives or enemas for bowel cleansing.
Stop blood thinners temporarily.
Patient lies on their side.
IV sedation or anesthesia is administered.
Flexible endoscope inserted into the rectum.
Scope advanced through the colon.
Air or carbon dioxide introduced for better visualization.
Real-time images displayed on a monitor.
Biopsies, polyp removal, or bleeding control performed as needed.
Mild bloating or cramping.
Avoid driving or heavy activities for 24 hours.
Continue regular medications unless advised otherwise.
Avoid NSAIDs or blood thinners temporarily.
Biopsy results in a few days.
Regular follow-ups for polyp surveillance.
